![]() ![]() Previous ribosome profiling work in our lab has identified mRNAs whose translation is sensitive to mutations in the mRNA entry channel (mEnC) arm of eIF3 or degradation of the entire eIF3 complex. eIF3, the largest and most complex initiation factor, wraps around the PIC and has roles in PIC formation, mRNA recruitment, and start-codon recognition. Eukaryotic translation begins with the formation of a pre-initiation complex (PIC), where eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) and the initiator tRNA assemble on the small ribosomal 40S subunit and scan the mRNA to identify the AUG start codon. Dysregulation of translation initiation can cause cells to become cancerous and is observed in neurodegenerative disorders and infection. Translation initiation is the most regulated and the rate-limiting step of translation. Translation, the second core event of gene expression, during which RNA is converted into protein, is a highly regulated and fundamental biological process that creates the essential molecules needed to perform molecular functions in the cell. We are also utilizing RT-qPCR analysis in order to analyze the translational capabilities of the degron and DDKK mutations in comparison to wild type strains, which will provide insight into the specific means of translational impairment caused by disruption of eIF3. We have accomplished translational analysis of all wild type and mutant strains using ribosome profiling, which provides insight into the global translational efficiency of the complete set of mRNAs across an organism’s transcriptome. The Moe1 mutation causes deletion of the eIF3d subunit in fission yeast. The degron mutation results in the deletion of the entire eIF3 subunit, and the DDKK mutation results in the loss of the eIF3i and eIF3g subunits. Our analysis has focused on three eIF3 subunit mutations: eIF3a/b degron, eIF3i DDKK, and Moe1. By providing insight into the function of eIF3 subunits, as well as the role that individual subunits may have in translational impairment, we hope to gain a more complete understanding of eIF3 complex functionality, as well as to provide insight into the ways that eIF3 disruption can contribute to disease development. We are investigating the mechanistic function of the eIF3 complex in translation initiation through analysis of translational defects caused by deletion of multiple eIF3 subunits. Altered subunit expression of eIF3 has been linked to the development of a variety of human cancers. ![]() eIF3 participates in each phase of the translation pathway, promoting mRNA attachment and start codon recognition. eIF3 is a multi-subunit eukaryotic initiation factor, which is a protein complex that assists in the recruitment of ribosomes to mRNA during translation initiation. Translation initiation sets the reading frame of mRNA translation and ultimately controls protein synthesis. Initiation is the first and most highly regulated stage of translation, and involves one of the most important readings of the genetic code. Translation is an essential biological process in which the sequence of a messenger RNA molecule is transformed into a functional protein. Witnessing the total number of buildings demolished decenters NYC within the history of their water supply and contradicts the idea that NYC water comes from rural landscapes that are not otherwise used. With these draft maps, fieldwork was used to pinpoint building foundations which can increase map accuracy and building counts. Using ArcGIS Pro and historic maps, the previously existing buildings were mapped based on location in the reservoir water line or in NYC’s Department of Environmental protection (DEP) property lines. The total number of demolished buildings, never before calculated, appears to be 1,127 submerged by reservoir waters and 793 on nearby lands. The goal of this research was to map NYC's impacts to reservoir communities through documenting their demolished buildings. ![]() The costs of creating and maintaining these reservoirs includes dozens of demolished communities. Nineteen artificial reservoirs and controlled lakes, located up to 125 miles from Manhattan’s center, feed the system. However, NYC’s search for water has left a legacy of displacement and destruction in its wake. New York City’s (NYC) water is considered the “champagne of tap water” due to its natural taste and clarity without the need for filtration. ![]()
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